Ordeal Formulas The early germanic law had several significant elements that influenced later European legal systems, including an adversarial procedural system: The Ordeal. Liturgical Ordeal Formulas The two methods of proof used in early Germanic law were compurgation and ordeal. In compurgation the accused swore to his own innocence together with a group of “oath-helpers.” … Read more
Criminal Mediation in Europe Penal Mediation in Belgium. Insights on the Basis of Registered Data. Dieter Burssens, from the Nationaal Instituut voor Criminalistiek en Criminologie, made a contribution to the 2012 Annual Conference of the European Society of Criminology, in the category […]
Enforcement of Sentences in Europe The Enforcement of the Icty Sentences Filip Vojta, from the Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Criminal Law, made a contribution to the 2012 Annual Conference of the European Society of Criminology, in the category "Punishment and its […]
Drug Laws in Europe New Perspectives for Drug Laws and Policies in Europe – General Considerations and Conclusions Richard Soyer, from the Johannes Kepler University of Linz, made a contribution to the 2012 Annual Conference of the European Society of Criminology, in the category […]
Parole Supervision in Europe Parole Supervision and Its Effectiveness to Prisoners' Reintegration Mia Kilpeläinen, from the University of Eastern Finland, made a contribution to the 2012 Annual Conference of the European Society of Criminology, in the category "Punishment and its […]
European Round Table in Europe Description of European Round Table (ERT) The following is a short description of european round table (ert) in the European Union context: The ERT is a group of influential industrialists which lobbies top policy-makers privately and produces strategic papers on […]
Wine Lake in Europe Description of Wine lake The following is a short description of wine lake in the European Union context: The vast surplus of wine caused by over-production resulting from EC price guarantees (see more in this European encyclopedia). (See also 'Butter mountain' in […]
Restorative Justice in Europe Restorative Justice in Greece: Newborn Institutions and Long Informal Practices Anastasia Konidari, from the Panteion University of Political and Social Sciences, made a contribution to the 2012 Annual Conference of the European Society of Criminology, in the […]
Long Term Prisoners in Europe Possible Future Identities of Belgian Long Term Prisoners Rudy Machiels, from the Free University Brussels, made a contribution to the 2012 Annual Conference of the European Society of Criminology, in the category "Punishment and its alternatives," under […]
Criminal Enforcement in Europe Criminal Answer to Violence Against Women Study Upon Criminal Enforcement in Bizkaia Enara Garro Carrera, from the Universidad del País Vasco, made a contribution to the 2012 Annual Conference of the European Society of Criminology, in the category […]
Punishment in Europe Goals of Criminal Punishment: Incapacitation Introduction to Punishment Modern punishments seek to incapacitate certain offenders who are believed to pose a threat to the community. Incapacitation involves restricting offenders' movement or liberty. In contemporary […]
Gender Violence in Europe Rehabilitation Programs and Gender Violence Bárbara SORDI Stock, from the Universidad de Sevilla, made a contribution to the 2012 Annual Conference of the European Society of Criminology, in the category "Punishment and its alternatives," under the title […]
Prison Population in Europe The European Supervision Order: What is it and Can it Reduce the Remand Prison Population in Europe? Christine Morgenstern, from the University of Greifswald, made a contribution to the 2012 Annual Conference of the European Society of Criminology, in the category […]
Wim Duisenberg in Europe Life and Work of wim Duisenberg (1935-) The Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union describes wim duisenberg (1935-) in the following terms: [1] In 1997, after 15 years as president of the Dutch Central Bank, WimDuisenberg, an economist of impeccably […]
Violence Within Prison in Europe Pre-prison Socialization and Experiences – Explaining Different Types of Violence Within Prison Daniel Wolter, from the University of Cologne, made a contribution to the 2012 Annual Conference of the European Society of Criminology, in the category […]
Dual Mandate in Europe Description of Dual mandate The following is a short description of dual mandate in the European Union context: The privilege, now obsolescent except in France, of being simultaneously a member of a national parliament and the European Parliament. Resources Notas y […]
Solidarity Tax in Europe Description of Solidarity tax The following is a short description of solidarity tax in the European Union context: The unpopular tax surcharge introduced after German reunification and earmarked for reconstruction costs in Eastern Germany. Resources Notas y References […]
Probation Staff in Europe Probation Staff Skills and Characteristics. What is New? Ioan Durnescu, from the University of Bucharest, made a contribution to the 2012 Annual Conference of the European Society of Criminology, in the category "Punishment and its alternatives," under the […]
Youth Correctional Facilities in Europe Coping With Strains in Youth Correctional Facilities Verena Boxberg, from the University of Cologne, made a contribution to the 2012 Annual Conference of the European Society of Criminology, in the category "Punishment and its alternatives," […]
Sexual Abuse in Europe Attitudes of Icelanders Towards Economic Crimes and Sexual Abuse of a Child Helgi Gunnlaugsson, from the University of Iceland, made a contribution to the 2012 Annual Conference of the European Society of Criminology, in the category "Punishment and its […]
Police Reform in Europe The Colonial Dimension of Police Reform in the Ascension of the New State in Portugal Gonçalo Rocha Gonçalves, from the Open University, made a contribution to the 2012 Annual Conference of the European Society of Criminology, in the category "Punishment and its […]
Deprivation of Liberty in Europe Solving a Puzzle: Deaths Under Deprivation of Liberty in Spain Ignacio González Sánchez, from the Universidad Complutense de Madrid, made a contribution to the 2012 Annual Conference of the European Society of Criminology, in the category "Punishment and […]
Treaty of Paris in Europe Description of Treaty of Paris The following is a short description of treaty of paris in the European Union context: The first of Europe's three founding Treaties, concluded in 1951 and establishing the European Coal and Steel Community. It is due to expire in […]
Juvenile Justice System in Europe The Low Relevance of RJ Measures in the Hungarian Juvenile Justice System András Csúri, from the Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Criminal Law, made a contribution to the 2012 Annual Conference of the European Society of Criminology, in the […]
Ludwig Erhard in Europe Life and Work of Ludwig Erhard (1897-1977) The Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union describes ludwig erhard (1897-1977) in the following terms: [1] The acknowledged father of West Germany's post-war economic miracle, Ludwig Erhard was Chancellor Konrad […]
Desistance in Europe Restorative Justice and Desistance: Methodology for an Empirical Study Anna Meléndez, from the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, made a contribution to the 2012 Annual Conference of the European Society of Criminology, in the category "Punishment and its […]
Resettlement in Europe Resettlement and Employment: a European Overview on Promising Practices Pascal Décarpes, from the University of Greifswald, made a contribution to the 2012 Annual Conference of the European Society of Criminology, in the category "Punishment and its […]
Transitional Justice in Europe PMTJ: a Pluralistic Model of Transitional Justice Nandor Knust, from the Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Criminal Law, made a contribution to the 2012 Annual Conference of the European Society of Criminology, in the category "Punishment […]
Preventive Detention in Europe Preventive Detention in Norway – Risk Predictions in Court Jane Dullum, from the University of Oslo, made a contribution to the 2012 Annual Conference of the European Society of Criminology, in the category "Punishment and its alternatives," under the […]
Sentencing in Europe The Decision Not to Sentence. From Why to How Much Ard Schoep, from the Leiden University, Faculty of Law, made a contribution to the 2012 Annual Conference of the European Society of Criminology, in the category "Punishment and its alternatives," under the title […]
Community Trade Marks in Europe Description of Community trade marks The following is a short description of community trade marks in the European Union context: Since 1994 trade marks throughout the European Economic Area can be protected by registration with the Office for Harmonisation in […]
Reentry Courts in Europe French Reentry Courts: Due Process in a Hostile Prison Thinking and Managerial Context Martine Herzog-Evans, from the University of Reims, made a contribution to the 2012 Annual Conference of the European Society of Criminology, in the category "Punishment and its […]
Probation Practice in Europe The Construction of Risk in Probation Practice in Latvia. Anvars Zavackis, from the University of Latvia, made a contribution to the 2012 Annual Conference of the European Society of Criminology, in the category "Punishment and its alternatives," under […]
Electronic Monitoring in Europe The Housemates Under Electronic Monitoring Delphine Vanhaelemeesch, from the Ghent University – IRCP, made a contribution to the 2012 Annual Conference of the European Society of Criminology, in the category "Punishment and its alternatives," under the […]
Structural Funds in Europe Description of Structural funds The following is a short description of structural funds in the European Union context: The collective name given to four (or perhaps more properly five) funds set up to assist underdeveloped, declining or economically stagnant regions […]
Sexual Violence in Europe Sexual Violence in Armed Conflicts and the Possibilities of Restorative Justice Estelle Zinsstag, from the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, made a contribution to the 2012 Annual Conference of the European Society of Criminology, in the category "Punishment and […]
Valéry Giscard DEstaing in Europe Life and Work of Valéry Giscard dEstaing (1926-) The Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union describes valéry giscard destaing (1926-) in the following terms: [1] Valéry Giscard d'Estaing became president of France in 1974, having previously been […]
Jean-Claude Trichet in Europe Life and Work of Jean-Claude Trichet (1942-) The Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union describes jean-claude trichet (1942-) in the following terms: [1] One of the main architects of the franc fort, the policy of sustaining the French franc at a constant […]
Non-compulsory Expenditure in Europe Description of Non-compulsory expenditure The following is a short description of non-compulsory expenditure in the European Union context: That part of Community spending that does not derive from Treaty commitments. Resources Notas y References See Also
Juvenile Prisons in Europe Evaluating Juvenile Prisons in Germany: Efficiency and Effectiveness Pascal Décarpes, from the University of Greifswald, made a contribution to the 2012 Annual Conference of the European Society of Criminology, in the category "Punishment and its […]
Prison Release in Europe Planning for Release Anders Persson, from the The Swedish Prison and Probation Service (R&D Unit), and PhD student, made a contribution to the 2012 Annual Conference of the European Society of Criminology, in the category "Punishment and its alternatives," […]
Structured Dialogue in Europe Description of Structured dialogue The following is a short description of structured dialogue in the European Union context: Regular pre-accession discussions with countries that are candidates for membership of the EU. (See also Enlargement in the law dictionary […]
Conflict Mediation in Europe School Climate and Conflict Mediation: an Action-research Project Joana Maduro, from the Faculty of Law – Oporto University, made a contribution to the 2012 Annual Conference of the European Society of Criminology, in the category "Punishment and its […]
Schengen Acquis in Europe Description of Schengen acquis The following is a short description of schengen acquis in the European Union context: That part of the Schengen Agreement that has passed into Community law and practice. Resources Notas y References See Also
La Pensée Unique in Europe Description of La pensée unique The following is a short description of la pensée unique in the European Union context: The notion that the sole preoccupation of French European policy is, or should be, solidarity with Germany. Resources Notas y References See Also
Criminal Punishment in Europe Attitudes About Criminal Punishment Introduction to Criminal Punishment During the late 1700s and early 1800s, several French, English, and Italian philosophers and social reformers achieved prominence through their criticisms of corporal punishments. For […]