{"id":8938,"date":"2013-04-02T13:21:31","date_gmt":"2013-04-02T13:21:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/legaldictionary.lawin.org?p=8938"},"modified":"2013-04-02T13:21:31","modified_gmt":"2013-04-02T13:21:31","slug":"customs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lawlegal.eu\/customs\/","title":{"rendered":"Customs"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>Customs in Europe<\/h1>\n<h2>Definition of Customs<\/h2>\n<p>The duties or tolls payable upon merchandise exported from and imported into the country.<\/p>\n<h2>Customs formalities<\/h2>\n<p>From the document &#8220;Trade Barriers Regulation [TBR]&#8221;, published by the European Commission:<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;It has long been recognized that the administrative formalities relating to the export and import of goods\u00a0(commonly referred to as &#8216;customs laws&#8217;) can, in themselves, constitute barriers to trade. One may refer to\u00a0several customs practices which in practice function as barriers to trade.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>First, the customs requirements of all WTO Members rely on large part on the &#8216;value&#8217; of the goods\u00a0as the basis for assessing the applicable customs duties payable on importation. As a result,\u00a0the determination of the &#8216;value&#8217; of the imported goods is a fundamental part of the duty assessment\u00a0process. Ambiguous or arbitrary valuation methodologies can therefore easily be used to overstate\u00a0the value of imported goods, thereby increasing the amount of duties that are payable. Such actions\u00a0can seriously impede the free flow of goods across borders and act to undermine the value of negotiated\u00a0tariff concessions. The WTO agreement on \u201cCustoms Valuation\u201d establishes detailed discipline in this field.<\/li>\n<li>Second, fees connected with importation and exportation may also act as serious trade barriers.\u00a0These fees may relate to various services rendered such as consular services, licensing, exchange\u00a0controls, inspections and quarantine, sanitation and fumigation. To the extent that the fees charged\u00a0are not limited in amount to the cost of the service rendered (the ad valorem fees with no maximum\u00a0ceiling is the classical example), they may prove a strong disincentive to export. Exorbitant fees are\u00a0usually charged either to generate increased revenue or for reasons of protection of domestic products.\u00a0The basic applicable rule is article IX of GATT.<\/li>\n<li>Third, minimum price requirements may also prove an obstacle to the free flow of goods. In particular,\u00a0requirements that prohibit the importation of goods below a certain price constitute one of the worst\u00a0restrictions in international trade and are contrary to article XI GATT.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Browse<\/h2>\n<p>You might be interested in these references tools:<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Resource<\/th>\n<th>Description<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a title=\"Dictionary of Law\" href=\"https:\/\/legaldictionary.lawin.org\/customs\/\">Customs in the Dictionaries<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Customs in our legal dictionaries<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a title=\"Browse Law Topics\" href=\"https:\/\/lawlegal.eu\/topics\/\">Related topics<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Browse topics from the European Encyclopedia of Law<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a title=\"Legal Thesaurus\" href=\"https:\/\/legalthesaurus.org\/\">Browse the Legal Thesaurus<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Find synonyms and related words\u2026.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"#See_related_entries_below\/\">Customs related entries<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Find related entries of this Customs<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Customs in other legal encyclopedias<\/h2>\n<p>If you search for an entry, then decide you want to see what another legal encyclopedia says about it, you may find your entry in this section.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Link<\/th>\n<th>Description<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a title=\"International law Wiki Legal Encyclopedia\" href=\"https:\/\/lawin.org\/\">Customs<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Customs in the International Legal Encyclopedia.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a title=\"American Wiki Legal Encyclopedia\" href=\"https:\/\/lawi.us\/customs\/\">Customs<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Customs in the American Legal Encyclopedia.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a title=\"Asia Wiki Legal Encyclopedia\" href=\"https:\/\/lawi.asia\/\">Customs<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Customs in the Asian Legal Encyclopedia.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a title=\"United Kingdom Wiki Legal Encyclopedia\" href=\"https:\/\/lawi.org.uk\/\">Customs<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Customs in the UK Legal Encyclopedia.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a title=\"Australia Wiki Legal Encyclopedia\" href=\"https:\/\/australialaw.org\/\">Customs<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Customs in the Australian Legal Encyclopedia.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Explore the European Encyclopedia of Law<\/h2>\n<p>You can also find related entries in the following areas of law:<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Link<\/th>\n<th>Description<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a title=\"Family law\" href=\"https:\/\/family.lawlegal.eu\/\">Customs<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Customs in the Family Law Portal of the European Encyclopedia of Law.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a title=\"Intellectual Property\" href=\"https:\/\/ip.lawlegal.eu\/\">Customs<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Customs in the IP Portal of the European Encyclopedia of Law.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a title=\"Commrcial law\" href=\"https:\/\/commercial.lawlegal.eu\/\">Customs<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Customs in the Commercial Law Portal of the European Encyclopedia of Law.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a title=\"Criminal law\" href=\"https:\/\/criminal.lawlegal.eu\/\">Customs<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Customs in the Criminal Law Portal of the European Encyclopedia of Law.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a title=\"Competition law\" href=\"https:\/\/competition.lawlegal.eu\/\">Customs<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Customs in the Family Law Portal of the European Encyclopedia of Law.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a title=\"Civil law\" href=\"https:\/\/civil.lawlegal.eu\/\">Customs<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Customs in the Civil Law Portal of the European Encyclopedia of Law.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a title=\"Constitutional law\" href=\"https:\/\/constitution.lawlegal.eu\/\">Customs<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Customs in the Constitutional Law Portal of the European Encyclopedia of Law.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a title=\"Taxation law\" href=\"https:\/\/tax.lawlegal.eu\/\">Customs<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Customs in the Taxation Law Portal of the European Encyclopedia of Law.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a title=\"Banking and Finance law\" href=\"https:\/\/finance.lawlegal.eu\/\">Customs<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Customs in the Banking and Finance Law Portal of the European Encyclopedia of Law.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a title=\"Employment and Labor law\" href=\"https:\/\/labour.lawlegal.eu\/\">Customs<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Customs in the Employment and Labour Portal of the European Encyclopedia of Law.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a title=\"Injury and Tort law\" href=\"https:\/\/injury.lawlegal.eu\/\">Customs<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Customs in the Injury and Tort Law Portal of the European Encyclopedia of Law.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a title=\"Environment law\" href=\"https:\/\/environment.lawlegal.eu\/\">Customs<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Customs in the Environmental Law Portal of the European Encyclopedia of Law.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Further Information<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#Open_European_Encyclopedia\/\">Open European Encyclopedia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#Did_you_mean8230\/\">Did you mean\u2026?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#Notice\/\">Notice<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#Vocabularies_Semantic_Web_Information\/\">Vocabularies (Semantic Web Information)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#Resources\/\">Resources<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a name=\"Open_European_Encyclopedia\/\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Open European Encyclopedia<\/h3>\n<p><a name=\"Open_European_Encyclopedia\/\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"Open_European_Encyclopedia\/\"><\/a><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>RESOURCE<\/th>\n<th>comments<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a title=\"add an entry to the Open Wiki Encyclopedia of Law\" href=\"https:\/\/lawlegal.eu\/write\/add-an-entry\/\">Add an entry<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Because the law is changing all the time.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a title=\"view Open Wiki Encyclopedia of Law Entries\" href=\"https:\/\/lawlegal.eu\/write\/view-added-entries\/\">View added entries<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Interested to find out what entries have been added?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a title=\"about the Open Wiki Encyclopedia of Law\" href=\"https:\/\/lawlegal.eu\/write\/about-the-open-encyclopedia\/\">About the Open Encyclopedia<\/a><\/td>\n<td>You can be a part of the Open European Encyclopedia of Law<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Notice<\/h3>\n<p><a name=\"Notice\/\"><\/a><br \/>\n<a name=\"Notice\/\"><\/a>Definition of Customs is, temporally, from <a href=\"https:\/\/lawlegal.eu\/concise-law-dictionary\/\">A Concise Law Dictionary (1927)<\/a>. This page needs to be <a href=\"https:\/\/contributors.lawin.org \/proofread\/\">proofread<\/a>..<a name=\"Vocabularies_Semantic_Web_Information\/\"><\/a><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>URI of Customs<\/th>\n<th>Description<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a title=\"URIs\" href=\"https:\/\/lawlegal.eu\/customs\/\">URI<\/a><\/td>\n<td>The URI of Customs (more about <a href=\"https:\/\/lawlegal.eu\/resources\/uris\/\">URIs<\/a>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><a name=\"Resources\/\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Resources<\/h3>\n<p><a name=\"Resources\/\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"Resources\/\"><\/a><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Link<\/th>\n<th>Description<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a title=\"General Index\" href=\"https:\/\/lawlegal.eu\/find\/general-index\/\">General Index<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Index of general information about the Encyclopedia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a title=\"Community\" href=\"https:\/\/lawlegal.eu\/find\/community\/\">Community<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Pages related to the community of users, including request and proposal entries<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a title=\"Help\" href=\"https:\/\/lawlegal.eu\/find\/help-center\/\">Help Center<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Help and Documentation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a title=\"Sitemap Index\" href=\"https:\/\/lawlegal.eu\/sitemapindex.xml\/\">Sitemap Index<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Sitemap Index, including Taxonomies<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><a name=\"See_related_entries_below\/\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"See_related_entries_below\/\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"See_related_entries_below\/\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h6>See related entries below:<\/h6>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Definition of Customs  The duties or tolls payable upon merchandise exported from and imported into the country.  Customs formalities  From the document Trade Barriers Regulation [TBR], published by the European Commission:   It has long been recognized that the administrative formalities [&#8230;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2357,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,176,52],"tags":[309],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lawlegal.eu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8938"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lawlegal.eu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lawlegal.eu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lawlegal.eu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2357"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lawlegal.eu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8938"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lawlegal.eu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8938\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lawlegal.eu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8938"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lawlegal.eu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8938"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lawlegal.eu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8938"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}