Medieval Law

Medieval Legal History This text is about the history of the Medieval Law. Canon Law This includes: General Ecumenical and General Church Councils Other Canon Law Texts: Specific Canons and Papal Decrees The Rebirth of Canon Law Studies: 11th Century On Later Medieval Canon Law Inquisitorial Methods Monastic Rules Theory of Law Germanic Law This … Read more

Public Holiday

Public Holiday in Europe Public Holiday (in European Private Law) In this context, this may be a concept of the term: A "public holiday" with reference to a member state, or part of a member state, of the European Union means any day designated as such for that state or part in a […]

Hard Core

Hard Core in Europe Description of Hard core The Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union describes hard core in the following terms: [1] Germany, France and the Benelux countries, which before the launch of the euro in 1999 formed a de facto hard currency bloc based on the D-Mark. These […]

Hedging

Hedging in Europe Hedging (in Finance) In this field, Hedging means the following: Market participants hedging their positions means that they are trying to balance out the risks by, for example spreading investments on different sectors or using futures contracts (see derivatives) to decrease […]

Solidary Right

Solidary Right in Europe Solidary Right (in European Private Law) In this context, this may be a concept of the term: A right to performance held by two or more creditors is a "solidary right" when any of the creditors may require full performance from the debtor and the debtor may […]

Hard écu

Hard écu in Europe Description of Hard écu The Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union describes hard écu in the following terms: [1] The idea that the EC should adopt a non-exclusive common currency, instead of a single currency, was floated by the British government in 1990, but […]

Corporal Punishment

Corporal Punishment in Europe Corporal Punishment in Sweden Under Chapter 2, with the heading "Fundamental rights and freedoms," of the Instrument of Government (part of the Swedish Constitution), Article 5 provides the following: Every citizen shall be protected against corporal […]

Committees

Committees in Europe Description of Economic and Financial Committee The Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union describes economic and financial committee in the following terms: [1] With the launch of the single currency in 1999, the influential Monetary Committee (consisting of two […]

Refugee Convention

Refugee Convention in Europe Refugee Convention in the Context of Asylum Law The full title is the Refugee Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees. It was passed in 1951 and amended by a Protocol in 1967. It is the overriding document establishing the rights of refugees. Resources See […]

Dependent Personal Security

Dependent Personal Security in Europe Dependent Personal Security (in European Private Law) In this context, this may be a concept of the term: A "dependent personal security" is an obligation by a security provider which is assumed in favour of a creditor in order to secure a […]

TACIS

TACIS in Europe Description of TACIS The Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union describes tacis in the following terms: [1] A programme of aid for Russia, the former republics of the USSR and Mongolia, TACIS absorbs over $500 million a year in EU hand-outs and has become a byword for […]

Oath

Oath in Europe Affirmations Equivalent to Oath in Germany Provisions relating to affirmations equivalent to oath in the German Criminal Code [1]: This criminal issue is covered by Chapter Nine, under the heading "False Testimony and Perjury," located in Section 155 Affirmations […]

Lawyers

Lawyers in Europe Qualified Lawyers in the Context of Asylum Law Professionals who have been accredited according to the national procedures laid down in a country and who have therefore passed examinations and completed training under the auspices of a professional body. Resources See Also […]

Reasoned Opinion

Reasoned Opinion in Europe Description of Reasoned Opinion The Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union describes reasoned opinion in the following terms: [1] A paper in which the Commission sets out why it considers that a member state is in violation of an EU obligation, as a […]

Labor Law Overtime

Labor Law Overtime in Europe See Also Department of Labor (United States) Federal Labor Law (in the U. S.) Related to Labor Law Overtime Popular Entries in the Worldwide Legal Encyclopedia Labor Law (in the World) Labor Law Outline (in the World) Labor Law Career (in the World) Labor […]

Definition of Offence

Definition of Offence in Europe Definition of Offence in Germany Provisions relating to definition of offence in the German Criminal Code [1]: This criminal issue is covered by Chapter Two the Offenceunder the Second Title, Attempt," located in Section 22 Definition, which reads: A […]

Limited Proprietary Rights

Limited Proprietary Rights in Europe Limited Proprietary Rights (in European Private Law) In this context, this may be a concept of the term: Limited proprietary rights are such rights of the following character as are characterised or treated as proprietary rights by any provision of these […]

The Six

The Six in Europe Description of The Six The Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union describes the six in the following terms: [1] Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands and West Germany – the six original signatories of the 1951 Treaty of Paris and the 1957 Treaty of Rome, […]

Second Title Terminology

Second Title Terminology in Europe Second Title Terminology in Germany Provisions relating to second title terminology in the German Criminal Code are located in Chapter One the Criminal Lawin relation to Second Title, Terminology

There is additional information on the German criminal […]

Commercial Agency

Commercial Agency in Europe Commercial Agency (in European Private Law) In this context, this may be a concept of the term: A "commercial agency" is the legal relationship arising from a contract under which one party, the commercial agent, agrees to act on a continuing basis as a […]

Harassment

Harassment in Europe Harassment (in European Private Law) In this context, this may be a concept of the term: "Harassment" means unwanted conduct (including conduct of a sexual nature) which violates a person's dignity, particularly when such conduct creates an intimidating, […]

Consumer Contract for Sale

Consumer Contract for Sale in Europe Consumer Contract for Sale (in European Private Law) In this context, this may be a concept of the term: A "consumer contract for sale" is a contract for sale in which the seller is a business and the buyer is a consumer. Resources See Also […]

Retention

Retention in Europe Retention of Ownership Device (in European Private Law) In this context, this may be a concept of the term: There is a retention of ownership device when ownership is retained by the owner of supplied assets in order to secure a right to performance of an obligation. […]

Not Individually Negotiated

Not Individually Negotiated in Europe Not Individually Negotiated (in European Private Law) In this context, this may be a concept of the term: A term supplied by one party is not individually negotiated if the other party has not been able to influence its content, in particular because it […]

Non-contractual Obligations

Non-contractual Obligations in Europe Non-contractual obligations and the European Judicial System Description of Non-contractual obligations provided by the European Union Commission: There is a non-contractual obligation where a person who is responsible for loss sustained by another person […]

Common Provisions

Common Provisions in Europe Common Provisions in Germany Provisions relating to common provisions in the German Criminal Code are located in Chapter One Crimes Against the Peace of Nations; High Treason; Endangering the Democratic State Under the Rule of Lawin relation to Fourth Title, Common […]

Multiple Orders

Multiple Orders in Europe Multiple Orders in Germany Provisions relating to multiple orders in the German Criminal Code [1]: This criminal issue is covered by Chapter Three Sanctionsunder the Sixth Title, Measures of Rehabilitation and Incapacitation," located in Section 67f Multiple […]